![]() ![]() All approach waypoints MUST be retreived from the database. NOTE: When you are planning to execute an RNAV or Overlay approach, always ensure that your GPS IFR database is up to date. LPV (localizer performance with vertical guidance – APV).LNAV/VNAV (lateral/vertical navigation – APV).The RNAV is in turn divided in three sub-categories: There are two types of GNSS-based approaches: With the arrival of the new cool kid on the block (GNSS), a new definition has been added to cover approach and landing operations with vertical guidance ( APV) which use lateral and vertical guidance, but do not meet the PA requirements. In the days of old, only two types of approaches existed: Precision Approaches ( PA) and Non-Precision Approaches ( NPA). In simple terms, here are the three main things a pilot needs to know when planning on flying a GPS-based approach: Types of Approaches available (and their requirements) ![]() (Source: Transport Canada AIM) Phase of Flight Let’s have a look at the different requirements for each phase of flight. GNSS may be used for all en-route and terminal operations, as long as the aircraft is also equiped with approved traditional systems (such as VOR and ADF) to serve as backup. Avionics also have to meet the appropriate equipment standards and be approved by the governing flight authority (FAA, Transport Canada, etc.) The tolerance tresholds and levels of performance required vary greatly for the use of a GPS module depending on the phase of flight. Although we (the company) have been able and trained to conduct LNAV approaches where applicable, the introduction of VNAV/LPV technology brings up a completely new dimension (yup, 3D approaches!) So training for the use of the GPS for approaches and a quick review of the related rules was incorporated in the ride.īefore we go any further, I would strongly suggest that you read the first part of this article (if you have not done so already) to familiarize yourself with a few terms and basic underlying principles. As it happens, our fleet of PC12NGs is getting a software update, which will eventually allow us to complete LPVs approaches virtually everywhere. I recently had the “pleasure” to complete my yearly recurrent ride.
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